Pinaceae

Siberian dwarf pine

Pinus pumila

Siberian dwarf pine

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Survives zone 2 through 6

Harvest calendar

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Best planted in early spring after your last frost, or in fall before the ground freezes, depending on your climate.

Siberian dwarf pine is a low, shrubby, extremely cold-hardy species — its seeds are edible, oily and nutritious, but harvested only locally and casually in Siberia and Japan rather than traded commercially like its larger pine relatives.

Hardiness
Zone 2–6
Habit
Shrub
Edible part
Nut
Ripens
Autumn (cones)
Mature size
Sprawling shrub 1–3 m tall, the prostrate stems spreading several metres — a dwarf pine, not a tree
Light
Full sun — cone/seed set needs sun
Soil pH
5.0–7.0
Environment
Subarctic and alpine
Native range
Far eastern Siberia (east from the Yenisei River), Kamchatka, Sakhalin, the Kuril Islands, Mongolia, northeastern China, the Korean Peninsula and Japan (Hokkaido south to central Honshu), typically above the treeline.
Status
Wild
Years to fruit
10+ yrs
Growth speed
Very slow.
Spacing
400 cm (157 in) apart — about 16 m² (172 sq ft) per plant
Leaf shape
Needles in fascicles of five, 4–6 cm long.
Root system
Extensive, spreading root system suited to its prostrate habit; used in erosion control and revegetation on unstable alpine slopes.
Fruit description
Cones are small, 2.5–4.5 cm long, holding oily seeds up to about 10 x 7 mm with a soft texture and a mild, slightly resinous flavor — easier to hand-harvest than most pine nuts because the plant is low and shrubby rather than a tall tree.
Propagation
By seed; as a close relative of P. sibirica it is generally raised the same way, with cold stratification recommended before sowing. Named dwarf or blue-foliage selections (e.g. 'Glauca') are propagated by grafting.
Pollination
Monoecious, wind-pollinated — plant more than one

The edible parts listed above are a starting point, not a field guide. Identify a plant with certainty — ideally against a local authority — before eating any part of it, and read the full disclaimer. Spotted something wrong? Report it.

Growing guide

Fertilizing. Grows naturally in poor, thin alpine and subarctic soils and needs no routine feeding in the ground; tolerates nutritionally poor, sandy-to-loamy, mildly acid to neutral soil.

Growing tips. An exceptionally cold-hardy shrub, tolerating temperatures down to about -70°C, forming a sprawling, prostrate (krummholz) mat 1–3 m tall (exceptionally to 5 m) that spreads much wider via ground-hugging branches — a landscape/erosion-control shrub rather than a nut-crop tree, and very slow-growing.

Grow journal

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About the data

Zone figures are typical published ranges — microclimate, drainage and siting shift them by a zone in either direction. Store links are found by an automated search, refreshed every six weeks. Availability is seasonal; stock and prices are not tracked.

Venlo — a reference for cold-hardy edible plants